Melanotan II 10 mg is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), designed strictly for in vitro laboratory research. It functions as an agonist at melanocortin-3 and 4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R).1 These receptors, activated by peptides derived from the prohormone pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), regulate a range of biological functions, including cardiovascular activity, energy balance, hunger, glucose metabolism, and sexual function.2,3,4,5 Research also suggests roles in cachexia, substance use behavior, pain perception, and anxiety.2,3
Behavioral and Metabolic Research
In laboratory studies, MC4R knockout rats have shown increased food intake, weight gain, and fat accumulation. Brain administration of Melanotan II in these models had no impact on feeding behavior, confirming MC4R’s role in appetite control.6 Another experiment with neonatal prairie voles indicated that Melanotan II treatment affected social behaviors, with males displaying reduced play-fighting and females developing enhanced adult partner preferences.7
Glucose Regulation and Leptin Signaling
Studies on Melanotan II explore its potential in glucose regulation, particularly through the melanocortin and leptin pathways. Research has shown that blocking MC3/4R receptors disrupts leptin’s glucose-lowering effects, underscoring the significance of melanocortin signaling in metabolic processes.8,9 However, using MC3/4R agonists alone did not completely reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic animal models, indicating that while melanocortin activation supports leptin’s actions, it is not sufficient on its own for full glucose regulation.10
Research Applications and Compliance
Melanotan II serves as a valuable research compound in studies focused on metabolism, behavioral science, and sexual health. Its interactions with melanocortin receptors provide insights into energy balance, cardiovascular function, and glucose metabolism.
Important Notice: Melanotan II is intended exclusively for in vitro research purposes and is not approved for human use, diagnostics, or therapeutic applications. Any application outside of controlled research settings is prohibited and may pose risks.
References
- 1. Bahraman AG, Jamshidzadeh A, et al. α-MSH Triggers Melanogenesis Via Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway. Int J Toxicol. 2021;40(2):153-160.
- 2. Corander MP, Fenech M, Coll AP. Melanocortin Action and its Impact on Body Weight and Blood Pressure. Circulation. 2009;120(22):2260-8.
- 3. Tao YX. The Melanocortin-4 Receptor: Physiology and Pharmacology. Endocr Rev. 2010;31(4):506-43.
- 4. do Carmo JM, et al. Control of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Function by Leptin-Brain Melanocortin Pathway. IUBMB Life. 2013;65(8):692-8.
- 5. da Silva AA, et al. The Brain Melanocortin System and Sympathetic Control. Physiology (Bethesda). 2014;29(3):196-202.
- 6. Mul JD, et al. MC4R Deficiency Affects Body Weight Regulation and Behavior in Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(3):612-21.
- 7. Barrett CE, et al. Neonatal MC Receptor Agonist Treatment Affects Play Behavior in Prairie Voles. Neuropharmacology. 2014;85:357-66.
- 8. Xu Y, et al. Central Control of Energy and Glucose Balance by the Melanocortin System. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1243:1-14.
- 9. Morton GJ, et al. Leptin and the CNS Control of Glucose Metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2011;91(2):389-411.
- 10. da Silva AA, et al. Melanocortin System Required for Leptin’s Antidiabetic Effects. Diabetes. 2009;58(8):1749-56.
