MELANOTAN II 10mg

Buy Melanotan II 10mg :

MELANOTAN II 10mg is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Melanotan II acts as an agonist at the melanocortin-3 and 4 receptors (MC3R and MC4R). ⁽¹⁾ Melanocortin receptors are activated by the prohormone pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) cleavage peptides, including adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), α-, β-, and γ-MSH. ^(2,3) The melanocortin system in the central nervous system is associated with the regulation of cardiovascular function, energy-balance, hunger, glucose and lipid homeostasis, sexual function, pituitary gland functions, and emotional behavior. ^(4,5) Furthermore, MCRs are also linked with cachexia, drug abuse behavior, pain perception, and anxiety behavior. ^(2,3)

In a lab study, an MC4R knockout model in rats showed increased food intake, body weight gain, and fat accumulation. Furthermore, brain administration of melanotan II did not change the feeding behavior, confirming the loss of MC4R function. ⁽⁶⁾  Subcutaneous treatment with melanotan II in neonate prairie voles (males and females; dose: 10 mg/kg) for the first 7 days after birth led to reduced play-fighting in male voles in adulthood as compared to the control group. Additionally, the treatment enhanced partner preference in female voles in adulthood. ⁽⁷⁾

It has been reported that the antidiabetic effects of leptin require melanocortin signaling. ^(8,9) In an experiment, the glucose-lowering effect of leptin was antagonized by intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) pretreatment with MC3 or 4R antagonist, showing the importance of normal melanocortin signaling for the leptin effect. ⁽¹⁰⁾ However, ICV infusion of MC3 or 4R agonists does not control hyperglycemia in diabetic rats, suggesting increased melanocortin activity alone cannot account for the glucose-lowering effect of leptin.⁽¹⁰⁾ Thus, with such a wide range of effects, including body weight, metabolism, and thermoregulation, melanotan II is a very useful reagent in an in vitro lab to carry out a variety of experiments.

Melanotan II comes as a lyophilized white powder with a concentration of 10 mg/vial.

References: 1. Bahraman AG, Jamshidzadeh A, Keshavarzi M, Arabnezhad MR, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Triggers Melanogenesis Via Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. Int J Toxicol. 2021;40(2):153-160. 2. Corander MP, Fenech M, Coll AP. Science of self-preservation: how melanocortin action in the brain modulates body weight, blood pressure, and ischemic damage. Circulation. 2009;120(22):2260-8. 3. Tao YX. The melanocortin-4 receptor: physiology, pharmacology, and pathophysiology. Endocr Rev. 2010 Aug;31(4):506-43. 4. do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Dubinion J, Sessums PO, Ebaady SH, Wang Z, Hall JE. Control of metabolic and cardiovascular function by the leptin-brain melanocortin pathway. IUBMB Life. 2013;65(8):692-8. 5. da Silva AA, do Carmo JM, Wang Z, Hall JE. The brain melanocortin system, sympathetic control, and obesity hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda). 2014;29(3):196-202. 6. Mul JD, van Boxtel R, Bergen DJ, Brans MA, Brakkee JH, Toonen PW, Garner KM, Adan RA, Cuppen E. Melanocortin receptor 4 deficiency affects body weight regulation, grooming behavior, and substrate preference in the rat. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(3):612-21. 7.  Barrett CE, Modi ME, Zhang BC, Walum H, Inoue K, Young LJ. Neonatal melanocortin receptor agonist treatment reduces play fighting and promotes adult attachment in prairie voles in a sex-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology. 2014;85:357-66. 8. Xu Y, Elmquist JK, Fukuda M. Central nervous control of energy and glucose balance: focus on the central melanocortin system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1243:1-14. 9. Morton GJ, Schwartz MW.  Leptin and the central nervous system control of glucose metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2011;91(2):389-411. 10. da Silva AA, do Carmo JM, Freeman JN, Tallam LS, Hall JE. A functional melanocortin system may be required for chronic CNS-mediated antidiabetic and cardiovascular actions of leptin. Diabetes. 2009;58(8):1749-56.

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